The clearing of this valley

The siege that made room for this street

Ninety armed men surrounded a Timpanogos camp two miles from here, and the ground has been building over that morning ever since.
Last reviewed 18 September 2026 · A four-minute read · 1849–1986
The short answer

Provo, Utah, grew from ground where in February 1850 ninety Mormon militiamen surrounded a Timpanogos encampment on the Provo River and killed between forty and one hundred people over two days, after a settler killing sparked the conflict. The land, once Timpanogos fishing grounds, became Fort Utah's farmland and later the Appletree Subdivision.

The siege that made room for this street — Provo
Winter Vista 2 — 2009 · planetary_nebula · CC BY 3.0
January 1850, before the siege

A shirt accusation ended in a two-day siege

A Timpanogos man the settlers called Old Bishop was accused of stealing a piece of clothing. Three men from the Mormon settlement at Fort Utah answered the accusation by killing him. His band responded by taking around fifty cattle from the fort's herd.

The settlers asked leaders in Salt Lake City for permission to go to war. Brigham Young resisted at first. Isaac Higbee, Parley P. Pratt and Willard Richards pressed him until he agreed. Young ordered any Timpanogos judged hostile to the settlement wiped out.

He sent Captain George D. Grant south with the Nauvoo Legion, Utah's territorial militia. He later sent General Daniel H. Wells to take command of the campaign. Ninety armed men rode down to the Provo River.

They surrounded the Timpanogos village and the families sheltering in it, some inside an abandoned cabin. The siege lasted two days. Gunfire and a twelve-pound cannon killed between forty and one hundred men, and one woman.

When night came, two groups broke out and ran. One fled south. The other ran east toward Rock Canyon, into the hills above where the highway now runs past this neighborhood. Militiamen hunted down both groups. The men captured in the pursuit were executed on the spot.

One militiaman died and eighteen were wounded before it was over.
February 1850, at Fort Utah

Heads of the dead were displayed at Fort Utah

They were marched back to the fort as prisoners. Some of the dead men from the siege and the pursuit that followed, up to fifty of them, were beheaded by settlers. Their heads were set up on display at Fort Utah, inside the wall the families were being held behind.

The prisoners, mostly women and children, were later taken north to the Salt Lake Valley. There, church members bought them as slaves.

Chief Old Elk had led one of the bands the militia pursued that final night. His people were among those chased down and killed in the days after the siege ended.

The settlers had moved into this land the year before. It had been the Timpanogos people's fishing grounds. It was the site of an annual fish festival on the Provo River. Cattle fencing and fishing nets had already been cutting into their food before the siege started. Measles brought by the new arrivals was killing people in the valley the same winter.

By spring, the ground along the river belonged to the settlement, and it stayed that way.

1849 to 1861

Settlers buried their own on the ground they took

The families who chased down Chief Old Elk's people did not leave. They stayed, farmed, and started dying of ordinary things. Within 200 feet of where you stand, the settlement opened Grandview Hill Pioneer Cemetery in 1861 to bury them.

Before that, the earliest dead had gone into a smaller plot called Fort Field. William Dayton was one of the first buried there. A spark from a cannon they were demonstrating caught the powder while it was being reloaded, and it killed him on the spot. George W. Bean stood near him and lost his left arm in the same blast. Joseph Higbee died February 9, 1850. He was shot through the neck in a fight with Native Americans. This happened in the same week the Provo River siege was closing out.

The settlers buried their own on the same ground they had just taken by force. The Daughters of Utah Pioneers placed a marker later. It still names the old Fort Field burial ground. The marker stands across the highway from where the fort once stood.

winter 1849 to 1850

Measles emptied Ute camps the same winter

Guns were not the only thing that emptied this valley. That same winter, measles moved from the Mormon settlers into the Ute camps along the Provo River.

The Timpanogos had no defense against it. People started dying in numbers the camps had never seen. The sickness spread through the same families whose fishing grounds the settlers had already fenced and netted.

By the time the militia rode out in February, the bands they attacked were already weakened by disease. The epidemic did not end when the siege did. It kept working through the camps for months after, alongside the hunger left by fenced pasture and fished-out water.

1865 to 1872

Black Hawk's war burned through the same valley

The killing at the Provo River in 1850 did not settle anything for long. Fifteen years later, a Mormon settler in Manti grabbed a young Ute chief off his horse in a dispute over cattle. Black Hawk and his band answered by killing five Mormons and running off hundreds of head of stock.

That started the Black Hawk War, the longest and bloodiest conflict between Mormon settlers and Native Americans in Utah's history. It burned across central Utah for seven years, through the same valley where Fort Utah once stood. The tensions that led to it had been building since the 1850s, as settlers kept pushing into Ute grazing and farming ground.

How does land taken by siege end up sold as a subdivision lot?
1983 to 1986

A plat and a sale turned farmland into a house

By the 1980s, the ground under your feet had passed far beyond anything the Timpanogos or the militia would recognize. Carter Farms Inc. platted it as Lot 16 of the Appletree Subdivision in May 1983, and recorded protective covenants on the plat days later.

The county created this parcel in 1984. A house went up on the lot in 1986, 2,092 square feet on just under a quarter acre. That same year, Carter Farms Inc. sold the finished house to Craig and Toni J. Wiseman.

The paperwork is plain: a plat, a covenant, a sale. It is how the cleared valley became an address.

The house stands finished on land a militia once fought to clear, and a subdivision plat finished the clearing quietly.

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Where this is

40.257°N 111.682°W TILE ≈ 1.2 × 0.6 KM
Place
Provo
Town
Provo
Country
United States
Tile
≈1.2 × 0.6 km (geohash6)
Last reviewed
18 September 2026

The layers, in order

Sourced records, high and medium confidence. Era background is marked as such.
Modern
winter 1849-1850
During the winter of 1849-1850, a measles epidemic spread from the new Mormon settlement into nearby Ute camps, killing many and deepening the tension that led to the massacre.
Wikipedia: Fort Utah · record, medium
1849-1850
William Dayton was killed when a cannon demonstration misfired during the fighting, George W. Bean lost his arm in the same blast, and Joseph Higbee died on February 9, 1850, shot through the neck, all buried at the Fort Field cemetery near Lake View.
February 8-17, 1850
In February 1850, ninety Mormon militiamen surrounded a Timpanogos encampment on the Provo River and killed between 40 and 100 men, women, and children over two days of fighting.
February 1850
Settlers decapitated an estimated 40 to 100 Timpanogos bodies after the siege and displayed the heads at the fort, an act an eight-year-old settler, Anna Clark Hale, later called a horrible and frightening scene.
Axios Salt Lake City · record, medium
January 1850
In January 1850, three settlers shot a Timpanogos man they accused of stealing a shirt off a clothesline and hid his body in the Provo River, and when Utes demanded the killers be handed over, the settlers refused.
Wikipedia: Fort Utah · record, high
1858–1970
Provo's nineteenth-century births include Goodwin Knight, later governor of California, and Benjamin Cluff, the last principal of Brigham Young Academy who oversaw its renaming to Brigham Young University.
Era background — not a record of this tile · Wikidata
1865-1872
From 1865 to 1872, Ute leader Black Hawk led the longest and most destructive conflict between Mormon settlers and Native Americans in Utah's history, a war that grew out of the same displacement that produced the Provo River massacre.
1872
A stone pestle, an earthen jar and a metate collected in Provo by M. S. Severance in 1872 became part of the Smithsonian's anthropology collection, physical traces of the Native peoples who worked this valley before the settlers came.
1887
Dr. Henry C. Yarrow collected obsidian arrowheads, charred corn and faunal bone from the Provo area in 1887, evidence of the Native farming and hunting that had gone on there long before Fort Utah.
1915-1919
The Stewart-Hills House, a bit under a kilometer away, was begun in 1915 by Dr. Andrew Jackson Stewart, who bought the land in 1914 and built it as a bungalow-style home over several years.
1918
The worldwide influenza pandemic of 1918 caused more than 200 deaths across Utah County, including the Provo area.
Era background — not a record of this tile · Provo Library: Historic Provo Cemeteries
May 24, 1983
In May 1983, Carter Farms Inc. recorded the plat for Appletree Plat A, turning farmland into the subdivision your lot now sits in.
1986
Utah County records the house at 1754 N 1140 West as built in 1986, on Lot 16 of the Appletree plat that Carter Farms had recorded three years earlier.
March 25, 1986
In March 1986, Carter Farms Inc. deeded the finished house to Craig E. and Toni J. Wiseman, who remain the county's owners of record.

Questions about this place

Answered in one sentence, then in full above
What happened at Fort Utah in 1850?
In February 1850, ninety Mormon militiamen surrounded a Timpanogos encampment on the Provo River and killed between forty and one hundred men, women, and children over two days of fighting, after a settler killing over an accused shirt theft set off the conflict.
What was here before the siege at Provo?
Before the siege, the ground was Timpanogos fishing grounds along the Provo River, the site of an annual fish festival, though settler cattle fencing and fishing nets had already begun cutting into that food supply.
What caused the Battle at Fort Utah?
Three settlers shot a Timpanogos man they accused of stealing a shirt and hid his body in the Provo River; when Utes demanded the killers be handed over, the settlers refused, and Brigham Young later ordered any Timpanogos judged hostile to be wiped out.
What happened to the bodies after the Provo River massacre?
Settlers decapitated an estimated forty to one hundred Timpanogos bodies and displayed the heads at Fort Utah, an act an eight-year-old settler present, Anna Clark Hale, later described as a horrible and frightening scene.
Did disease play a role in the Provo River massacre?
Yes. A measles epidemic spread from the Mormon settlement into nearby Ute camps during the winter of 1849 to 1850, killing many and deepening the tensions that led to the massacre in February.
What is on this lot in Provo today?
Carter Farms Inc. platted the ground as Lot 16 of the Appletree Subdivision in May 1983, and a house of 2,092 square feet went up on it in 1986, sold that year to Craig and Toni Wiseman.

Where this came from

1
Wikipedia: Battle at Fort Utah — A two-day siege killed dozens of Timpanogos people near this ground
2
Axios Salt Lake City — Heads of the Timpanogos dead were displayed at Fort Utah
3
Wikipedia: Fort Utah — A killing over a stolen shirt set off the violence
4
Provo Library: Historic Provo Cemeteries — Early settlers were buried at the Fort Field graveyard
5
Utah Division of State History — The Black Hawk War kept Utah Valley violent for years afterward
6
Utah County Land Records (Assessor and Recorder) — Carter Farms platted this ground as Appletree Subdivision
7
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History — Stone tools from Provo entered the Smithsonian in 1872
8
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History — Charred corn and arrowheads recovered from Provo in 1887
9
Wikipedia: Stewart-Hills House — A house a few streets over dates to 1915

Dug nearby

A siege that ended in beheadings on the Provo River
Provo, Provo
0 m
The siege that cleared this valley
Provo, Provo
0 m
The two-day fight that ended in beheadings
Provo, Provo
930 m